Analytical Techniques are mainly used to analyze the concentration of an unknown Chemical compound. These are used for monitoring the biochemical analysis. Many analytical techniques are being employed currently, which include classical methods such as Titrimetry, Gravimetry to very advanced methods like Spectroscopy, Microscopy, Chromatography and many other techniques.
Analytical Techniques which are used in the testing of Biological samples/ products are known as Bioanalytical Techniques. Bioanalytical Techniques are mainly used for the quantitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites. These methods play a vital role in the estimation of pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies. In pharmacokinetic studies, bioanalytical techniques validation is very important as it helps in minimizing the errors. This helps to get an accurate result. Thus obtained results are further validated by a technique called (ISR) Incurred Sample Reanalysis. As the name says, it is the reanalysis of the test result obtained which help in reducing the random errors.
Sample preparation is the main step in the bioanalytical Techniques. In sample preparation, the sample cleaned or concentrated before the analysis. Serum, plasma, urine etc are few examples of samples which are used in the analysis. The determination of the concentrations of the analyte after the process is mainly used in knowing the time course of the drug action in both animals and humans. It is a very important constituent in the discovery of drugs and in their development. The main aim of sample preparation is:
1) To remove the unnecessary intrusive compounds from the compound.
2) If the compound is highly concentrated, then is diluted by adding a suitable solvent to it.
3) Pre-concentration of the analyte.
After the sample preparation, the method of analysis is carried out. Finally the analysis comes to an end with the extraction of the sample to obtain the result. Sample extraction also consists of different methods such as: Protein precipitation, Solid phase extraction, Liquid-liquid extraction etc. Sample extraction must be done with high attention as it is the most crucial phase where the result of the whole process is determined.
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